The Greek preposition ἐν
(en) is most directly translated as “in.” Had John wanted to stress “among”
in the sense of external proximity, he had better choices: μεταξύ (between,
among) or παρά (alongside). Instead, he used ἐν, the same preposition that recurs throughout his
Gospel to convey deep indwelling. Jesus declares, “I am in you, and you are in
me” (John 14:20). In his prayer, he asks the Father “that they may all be one,
just as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be in us”
(John 17:21). Clearly, John uses ἐν
to speak of union, not mere proximity.
Dr. Neil Douglas-Klotz, drawing from the Aramaic idiom
behind the text, points out that the word for “in” and “among” was often the
same. In the first-century Semitic mind, the distinction between external and
internal was less rigid than ours. The Logos could simultaneously dwell
“within” us as individuals and “among” us as a people. This duality is captured
beautifully in James Murdock’s 19th-century translation from the Syriac
Peshitta: “And the Word became flesh, and tabernacled with us.” The word
“tabernacled” brings to mind the tent of meeting in the wilderness, where the
Divine Presence filled the midst of Israel. But a tabernacle is not only beside
you; when you enter, it surrounds you. It becomes both a place among and a
presence within.
This is where theology and spirituality meet consciousness
studies. If scientists and philosophers are correct that consciousness is
foundational, then consciousness and the Logos may very well be two names
for the same reality. In John’s prologue, the Logos is the divine Reason, the
ordering principle of creation, the Light that enlightens everyone (John 1:9).
Modern philosophers like Bernardo Kastrup argue from analytic idealism that all
things arise within a universal field of consciousness. Donald Hoffman proposes
that conscious agents, not matter, are the basic building blocks of reality.
Their work mirrors what John proclaimed two millennia ago: that the Logos is at
the root of all that exists, and that this Logos is not separate from us but
intimately present, indwelling.
The choice between “in” and “among” is not simply academic.
It shapes the way we experience faith. If the Logos only dwelt “among us,” then
Christ is kept external — a figure in history, an example to follow, but always
other. If the Logos dwells “in us,” then Christ is not merely a neighbor but
our very life. The incarnation is not just about God pitching a tent in our
neighborhood; it is about God setting up dwelling inside the human heart,
awakening us to who we already are.
Of course, translators were wary of this implication. To
render John 1:14 as “in us” leans toward a universal mystical truth: that every
human being carries the indwelling Christ, the divine Logos within. Orthodoxy
often recoiled from this, fearing it would collapse the distance between
Creator and creature. Better to play it safe with “among,” which allows Christ
to be revered but external, present but still apart. Yet I believe John’s
language, both in Greek and in the Aramaic echoes behind it, resists this
narrowing.
“Tabernacled with us” is the perfect middle ground. It
suggests a presence that is both in and among. Just as Israel’s
tabernacle was pitched among the tents of the tribes, yet filled with the
indwelling glory of God, so too the Logos became flesh, dwelling not only in
history but within human beings. The incarnation is not proximity but
participation.
This has deep implications for how we approach Christianity
today. If consciousness is foundational, and if Logos is another name for this
primal consciousness, then the story of Christ is not a myth to discard in
light of science, but a myth to be upgraded with the insights of
consciousness studies. When I say “upgraded,” I mean holding onto the myth, the
story, and the history of Jesus, while re-framing them in light of what we now
know about reality. The prologue of John reads almost like a pre-scientific
cosmology of consciousness: “In the beginning was the Word… and in him was
life, and the life was the light of men.”
To incarnate into Christianity today, in my view, means to
honor the tradition without freezing it. We keep the stories of the manger, the
cross, the resurrection — but we allow them to breathe in the light of current
understanding. We see Christ not only as an external figure but as the
unveiling of what consciousness itself has always been doing: awakening to
itself within us. The Word becoming flesh is not just God stepping into
history; it is consciousness clothing itself in matter, revealing that spirit
and flesh are never separate.
This also heals a divide that has long haunted Christianity.
By translating ἐν as
“among,” we kept Christ outside, safe from mystical union, and in doing so
built walls of doctrine, authority, and control. But if Christ is “in us,” then
no hierarchy can mediate that reality. The Logos already speaks in the depths
of every heart. The true Light enlightens everyone. This does not diminish the
unique role of Jesus; rather, it magnifies it. Jesus becomes the archetype of
awakened humanity, the one who shows us what it means to live conscious of the
Logos within.
The “in vs. among” debate, then, is really a debate about
whether Christianity is primarily external or internal, historical or mystical,
safe or transformative. I argue for “in” not because I deny the external
reality of Jesus of Nazareth, but because I affirm that his coming reveals the
deeper truth that God is never merely external. The incarnation is the eternal
union of God and humanity, consciousness and matter, spirit and flesh.
Even science, when listened to carefully, echoes this.
Physics tells us that matter is not solid but energy; neuroscience struggles to
explain consciousness as an output of matter, and many now argue the opposite:
that matter is an expression of consciousness. This fits seamlessly with John’s
vision. The Logos, consciousness itself, became flesh — not as a one-time
intrusion but as the revelation of what has always been true: all flesh is
infused with Logos.
So when translators soften ἐν
ἡμῖν to “among us,” I see it as a missed opportunity.
It keeps the Logos external when John was opening the door to mystical
participation. I believe we must reclaim the full force of ἐν — not in opposition to
“among,” but as a union of both. Christ is among us in history, in community,
in the stories we tell and the sacraments we share. But Christ is also in us,
awakening us to the divine consciousness that is the foundation of all reality.
To incarnate into Christianity today is to embrace both. To
tabernacle with Christ means recognizing the Logos both in our midst and in our
innermost being. It means reading John 1:14 not through the lens of fear but
through the lens of fullness. The Word became flesh and dwelt in us and
among us. And we beheld his glory — not only as an external spectacle, but
as the unveiling of the divine consciousness at the heart of all things.
That is the story worth keeping. That is the myth worth
upgrading.